DataBase Management System
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
WHAT IS DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM?
The Database Management System is to provide a convenient and efficient way to store and retrieve data stored in a database.
A database is a computer generated software program which can be used to access the data stored in database in an organized manner.
The term database is a structured collection of data stored which can be stored in digital form. Before the actual data is stored in the database, we should clearly specify the schema of the database and different techniques used to manipulate the data stored in a database.
DBMS must provide efficient techniques in order to protect the data from accidental system crashes.
WHERE IS DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USED?
DBMS systems can be used extensively in the following fields –
1. Transportation: DBMS system can be used for reservation or cancellation of tickets and can be also used to check for the schedules of incoming and outgoing flights.
2. Education: DBMS system can be used by different universities to allow students take admission online, checking the status of vacant seats, enrolment system can be done computerized etc.
3. Banking: DBMS system has completely changed the face of the banking sector. Few decades ago, the banking system was purely the paper based system have now transformed in keeping less of paper work.
4. Sales: DBMS system allows the data to be stored in electronic format by making use of relational databases which allows the data to be stored in highly organized manner. This database allows the information such as information about the customers, products, sales, purchases etc to be stored in database.
5. Manufacturing: DBMS system allows the user to store information about the production of good, the inventory details, the total number of orders, supply chain information in database so that it allows the decision makers to make critical decisions in timely manner.
6. Human Resource: DBMS has made the life of HR team much better by allowing the team to compute tax deductions, employee wages, retrieving the details of the employees in faster manner as compared to traditional paper based approach which was time consuming.
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Database
WHAT IS DATABASE?
Database is collection of data which is related by some aspect. Data is collection of facts and figures which can be processed to produce information. Name of a student, age, class and her subjects can be counted as data for recording purposes.
WHAT ARE THE FEATURES OF DBMS?
Real-world entity: Modern DBMS are more realistic and uses real world entities to design its architecture. It uses the behavior and attributes too. For example, a school database may use student as entity and their age as their attribute.
Relation-based tables: DBMS allows entities and relations among them to form as tables. This eases the concept of data saving. A user can understand the architecture of database just by looking at table names etc.
Isolation of data and application: A database system is entirely different than its data. DBMS stores metadata which is data about data, to ease its own process.
Less redundancy: DBMS follows rules of normalization, which splits a relation when any of its attributes is having redundancy in values. Following normalization, which itself is a mathematically rich and scientific process, make the entire database to contain as less redundancy as possible.
Consistency: DBMS always enjoy the state on consistency where the previous form of data storing applications like file processing does not guarantee this. Consistency is a state where every relation in database remains consistent.
Query Language: DBMS is equipped with query language, which makes it more efficient to retrieve and manipulate data. A user can apply as many and different filtering options, as he or she wants. Traditionally it was not possible where file-processing system was used.
ACID Properties: DBMS follows the concepts for ACID properties, which stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation and Durability. These concepts are applied on transactions, which manipulate data in database.
Multiuser and Concurrent Access: DBMS support multi-user environment and allows them to access and manipulate data in parallel. Though there are restrictions on transactions when they attempt to handle same data item, but users are always unaware of them.
Multiple views: DBMS offers multiples views for different users. A user who is in sales department will have a different view of database than a person working in production department. This enables user to have a concentrate view of database according to their requirements.
Security: Features like multiple views offers security at some extent where users are unable to access data of other users and departments.
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SQL is Structured Query Language
What is SQL?
SQL is Structured Query Language, which is a computer language for storing, manipulating and retrieving data stored in relational database.
SQL is the standard language for Relation Database System. All relational database management systems like MySQL, MS Access, and Oracle, Sybase, Informix, postgres and SQL Server use SQL as standard database language.
Why SQL?
Allows users to access data in relational database management systems.
Allows users to describe the data.
Allows users to define the data in database and manipulate that data.
Allows embedding within other languages using SQL modules, libraries & pre-compilers.
Allows users to create and drop databases and tables.
Allows users to create view, stored procedure, functions in a database.
Allows users to set permissions on tables, procedures, and views
How the SQL Process work?
When you are executing an SQL command for any RDBMS, the system determines the best way to carry out your request and SQL engine figures out how to interpret the task.
There are various components included in the process. These components are Query Dispatcher, Optimization Engines, Classic Query Engine and SQL Query Engine, etc. Classic query engine handles all non-SQL queries but SQL query engine won’t handle logical files.
Following is a simple diagram showing SQL Architecture:
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